The election is especially being closely watched in Ukraine, with U.S. policy for the war-torn nation largely hinging on who wins Tuesday.
Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky is staying away from making any public statements about the election after wading into the issue in September.
Zelensky drew the ire of Republicans when he said that Trump's running mate, Sen. JD Vance (R-Ohio), was "too radical," and after he visited a Pennsylvania ammunition factory with only Democrats.
Still, much is on the line for Ukraine. Trump has pledged to end the war in Ukraine before he takes office, sparking concern he will concede territory.
In a late October video address, Zelensky said he expected an increase in pressure on Russia from western allies after he unveiled a victory plan last month.
"We expect more support for Ukraine," he said.
Elsewhere in Europe, members of the western security alliance NATO have expressed concern about the election.
Trump created some fear earlier this year when he said the U.S. would not defend members of NATO who don't pay enough in defense spending.
NATO Secretary-General Mark Rutte said he has "no doubt" the alliance will work closely with whoever wins the election.
"Whoever wins those elections, we will work with Kamala Harris, we will work with Donald Trump and make sure that the alliance stays united," he said at a Monday press conference.
Israel is also anxiously awaiting the results. Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu has close ties to Trump and likely favors the Republican candidate returning to office.
Harris and President Biden have pushed Israel to end the war against Palestinian militant group Hamas in Gaza and wind down operations against Hezbollah in Lebanon.
In an October phone call, Trump told Netanyahu to "do what you have to do” in the Middle East, according to The Washington Post.
The Middle East war has some importance for voters in this election, as some Arab Americans, progressives and young voters have pledged to vote against Harris for her support for Israel in the deadly war that has taken more than 43,000 Palestinian lives in Gaza.
Michigan, a battleground state that has a sizeable Arab American population, will be closely watched on Tuesday night.
Taiwan, the self-governing democratic island nation under threat from China, also has stakes in the election after Trump made comments calling for Taipei to pay the U.S. for its defense.
He also accused Taiwan of stealing the U.S. ability to make semiconductors and has called Chinese leader Xi Jinping "brilliant."
“If Trump [were to] abandon Taiwan, I wonder how he can make America Great Again, because he would lose the support, the credibility of the U.S. in the Asian Pacific,” Taiwanese Deputy Foreign Affairs Minister François Chihchung Wu told The Hill last week. “My feeling is that we are just worried for the uncertainty.”
Read more election coverage at TheHill.com.
